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Attributed to Vincent van Gogh, Elimar (1889). Image courtesy LMI Group International, Inc.

At Digital Transitions, we take pride in pushing the boundaries of imaging technology to aid in forensic analysis, research, and preservation. When LMI Group International approached us to assist with an in-depth investigation of a historical painting (as recently featured by the Wall Street Journal), we were excited to apply our expertise to a project that blended science, technology, and art authentication. Our role was twofold: first, to document and analyze a hair embedded in the paint layer, and second, to develop a new method for canvas thread count and warp/weft weave analysis. The results of our work contributed significantly to the study of the painting’s provenance and its potential connection to Vincent van Gogh.

High-Precision Imaging to Examine Embedded Hair

One of the most intriguing aspects of this research was the presence of a hair embedded in the painting’s surface. To thoroughly document this, we used a variety of high-resolution imaging techniques, including:

  • Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI): Capturing how light interacts with the painting’s surface to highlight texture and depth.
  • Photogrammetry: Creating a 3D model of the area to analyze the hair’s positioning.
  • Raking-Light Imaging: Enhancing surface topography to examine how the hair was embedded.
  • Infrared Capture: Revealing underlying layers of the painting.

Hair embedded in the paint, sampled for DNA testing.

For this analysis, we employed our DT RCam, Phase One IQ4 150mp, Phase One IQ4 150mp Achromatic without IR filter, and DT iXH 150mp cameras, along with DT Photon lighting and a Broncolor RTI Dome. This combination allowed us to conclusively demonstrate that the hair was embedded within the paint layer rather than lying on the surface. Furthermore, our imaging helped confirm that the hair was once fully enclosed in the paint and only later became partially exposed.

Beyond imaging, we also documented the meticulous removal and preservation of the hair. Brinks Art Services carefully cut and secured the sample before delivering it to a DNA testing facility. This chain of custody ensures that any future DNA analysis will be conducted with the highest level of integrity.

Revolutionizing Canvas Analysis with Programmatic Thread Counting

Canvas analysis is a crucial tool in authenticating historical paintings. The process of manufacturing a canvas bolt creates a unique signature of thread density and weave angle, making it possible to compare different works and determine if they were cut from the same original bolt. Traditionally, this type of research required X-ray imaging, but we developed a more efficient and precise approach using visible-light photographs combined with frequency domain analysis.

Why This Matters

For small canvases, artists frequently cut sections from a larger roll. If two paintings share the same thread density and weave pattern, it strongly suggests they came from the same canvas source—providing a compelling link between the two works. In this case, our research determined that the canvas density and weave pattern of the painting under investigation aligned with several known Van Gogh works. While not definitive proof, this provides an important data point supporting the painting’s attribution.

Maintaining Objectivity and Scientific Rigor

Throughout the project, Digital Transitions maintained full independence. We had no financial stake in the artwork and charged our standard rates for all imaging and analysis services. Additionally, to ensure impartiality, we were not informed of the suspected artist’s identity—Van Gogh—until after completing our work. This approach safeguarded the integrity of our findings and ensured our results were based purely on scientific evidence rather than expectations.

Technology and Art: A Powerful Collaboration

Head of Technical Services, Ben Cort, during the imaging of the painting with a Phase One XF 150mp. The medical outfits were donned to prevent DNA contamination prior to the DNA analysis of the embedded hair being performed. Also present, but not pictured, Head of R+D, Doug Peterson.

 

This project highlights how cutting-edge imaging technology is transforming art authentication. With high-resolution imaging, forensic analysis, and innovative techniques like programmatic thread counting, we are uncovering new ways to verify provenance, preserve artworks, and contribute to historical research.

At Digital Transitions, we are proud to play a role in bridging the gap between art and science. Whether it’s preserving cultural heritage or unraveling the mysteries of a masterpiece, we remain committed to pioneering new imaging solutions that push the limits of discovery.

For more information on our art imaging and preservation services, contact us today!


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